What is Ransomware?

Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) that, once it infects a system, encrypts an organization’s files and data. This encryption makes the information inaccessible, and the attackers then demand a ransom in exchange for a decryption key.

In this article, we explain what ransomware is, how to protect yourself from it, and what to do if you are hit by a ransomware attack.

How a Ransomware Attack Works

Ransomware can be seen as a form of digital extortion, designed to force the victim to pay in order to regain control over their own data. It often unfolds in the following stages:

• Infection: Ransomware is typically spread through phishing emails with malicious attachments or links, infected websites, vulnerabilities in software, or compromised downloads.
• Execution: Once ransomware gains access to a system, the malicious code is executed.
• Encryption: The ransomware systematically encrypts files on the infected device, and potentially also on connected network drives and cloud services.
• Notification: The victim receives a message stating that their files have been encrypted, along with instructions on how to pay the ransom, often in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin.
• Extortion: Attackers threaten to permanently delete the data or publicly release sensitive information if the ransom is not paid within a specified timeframe.
  

Potential Impacts of a Ransomware Attack

Several factors contribute to the growing cyber threat landscape, including:

• Direct operational impact: Encrypted data can lead to immediate downtime, halting core business functions and causing significant financial losses.
• Financial demands: Ransom amounts can range from small sums to millions, with no guarantee that paying will restore the data.
• Reputational damage: A ransomware incident can severely harm an organization’s reputation, eroding customer and partner trust.
• Complexity and development: Ransomware attacks are becoming more advanced, with attackers constantly developing new infection methods and evasion techniques.
• Targeted attacks: Criminals often conduct thorough research to identify high-value targets, tailoring their attacks accordingly, which makes them harder to prevent.
• Regulatory penalties: Depending on the type of compromised data, fines and other legal consequences may follow, especially if personal data is involved (e.g., GDPR).
• Psychological impact: Employees may experience stress and anxiety, particularly if their own accounts or devices are affected.
  

How to Protect Yourself Against Ransomware

While it’s impossible to guarantee complete protection from ransomware, a proactive and holistic security strategy can significantly reduce risk and limit damage:

• Regular backups: Maintain up-to-date, independent backups of all critical data. Store them offline or in a way that is not directly accessible from the primary network.
• Strong security measures: Deploy robust solutions such as modern antivirus software, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and email filters to prevent ransomware from reaching your systems.
• Training and awareness: Educate staff on what ransomware is, how it spreads, and how to recognize and avoid suspicious emails, links, and attachments. Human error is often the weakest link in security.
• Patching and updates: Keep operating systems, applications, and security software updated with the latest patches to close known vulnerabilities.
• Access control: Apply the principle of minimal authorization, users should only have access to the resources they need for their job. This limits ransomware spread if an account is compromised.

Dotkeeper Helps You Stay Safe Online

The risk of a ransomware attack is part of a broader, more complex threat landscape. Dotkeeper offers a range of services to strengthen your overall cybersecurity and reduce the risk of falling victim to ransomware.

• Automated digital certificate management: Ensures your web communications are encrypted and secure, reducing the risk of potential breaches.
• Our premium DNS services: Provide a stable, secure foundation for your online presence, reducing vulnerabilities that could lead to ransomware attacks.
• DNSSEC and DMARC implementation: Protects against domain manipulation and email fraud, which are common entry points for ransomware infections.

Want to learn more about creating a tailored solution for your business? Contact us for expert advice.