What is Malware?

The term “malware” is a collective name for various types of software designed to damage, disrupt, or otherwise negatively affect computer systems, networks, and digital information.

In this article, we explain what malware is, the ways you can protect yourself, and how to act if you are affected by it.

Different Types of Malware

Understanding the different forms of malware provides a strong foundation for implementing effective security measures. The landscape of threat is complex and constantly evolving, but some of the most common types of malware include:

• Viruses: Program code that attaches itself to other programs and spreads when the infected program is run.
• Computer Worms: Standalone programs that can replicate and spread to other computers and networks without attaching to a host file.
• Trojans: Malicious programs that pretend to be legitimate software, tricking users into installing them.
• Spyware: Software that secretly monitors and collects information about the user’s activities, such as keystrokes, browsing history, and personal data.
• Ransomware: Software that encrypts a user’s files and demands a ransom to restore them.
• Adware: Software that displays unwanted ads to the user.
• Keyloggers: A type of spyware that records keystrokes.
• Rootkits: Programs that give attackers hidden administrator access to a system. They conceal their presence by manipulating system functions, making them difficult to detect and remove.
• Botnets: Remote-controlled networks of infected devices used to carry out coordinated attacks such as DDoS, spam, and data theft.

How Malware Causes Harm

All types of malware can lead to financial losses, reduced productivity, and reputational damage for affected individuals and organizations. The specific consequences depend on the type of malware. For example:

• Viruses and worms: Can cause system crashes, data loss, and spread to other systems.
• Trojans: Provide remote access for attackers, who can then create backdoors, steal information, and install other malicious software.
• Spyware: Monitors user activity, steals personal data, and compromises privacy.
• Ransomware: Encrypts files and systems, potentially causing downtime and ransom demands for recovery.
• Adware: Displays unwanted ads and degrades user experience, sometimes linking to malicious sites.
• Keyloggers: Steal passwords, credit card details, and other sensitive data.

Malware in Sweden

Malware is a global problem, but vulnerability levels vary between countries. In Sweden, our generally high level of digital maturity means that many companies and authorities have security measures in place. However, several factors contribute to increased vulnerability, such as:

• Widespread internet use: A large portion of the population and almost all companies in Sweden are connected, increasing exposure.
• Trust in digital services: High trust in online platforms can make users more likely to click on suspicious links or download unknown files.
• International connections: Swedish companies often engage in global trade and communications, increasing exposure to a broader range of malware.

How to Protect Yourself from Malware

Protecting against malware requires a combination of technical measures and informed user behaviour. By implementing the following measures, you can greatly reduce the risk of infection:

• Install and maintain reliable antivirus software: A good antivirus program can detect and remove known malware before it causes harm. Keep it active and updated regularly.
• Be cautious with emails and downloads: Never click on suspicious links or open unknown email attachments. Only download software and files from trusted sources.
• Keep software updated: Regular updates to your operating system, browsers, and applications often include security fixes for known vulnerabilities.
• Use strong and unique passwords: Strong passwords make it harder for attackers to gain access to your accounts. A password manager can help.
• Enable a firewall: A firewall acts as a barrier between your computer or network and the internet, blocking malicious traffic and intrusion attempts.

Protect Your Company from Malware with Dotkeeper

Effectively combating malware requires a layered security approach that addresses multiple potential attack vectors. Dotkeeper’s services help your company build a strong security foundation.

• Automated digital certificate management creates secure communication channels that make eavesdropping and tampering more difficult.
• Our premium DNS services improve availability and resilience against attacks that can be used to spread malicious code.
• Through secure domain management, your online identity is protected, and our security solutions, such as DNSSEC and DMARC, reduce the risk of your domain being used in malware campaigns via websites or email.

Want to learn more about creating a tailored security solution for your business? Contact us for advice.